Systems and methods for determining locations of access points

ABSTRACT

A system may be configured to identify, from among a plurality of access points in an area in communication with a network, a plurality of edge access points associated with an edge of the area. In addition, the system may also be configured to determine first edge location-related data for a first edge access point and first interior location-related data for a first interior access point. Determining the first interior location-related data for the first interior access point includes exchanging ranging data indicative of a first relative distance between the first edge access point and the first interior access point. The ranging data may be based at least in part on fine timing measurements and/or time-of-flight-based measurements. Determining the first interior location-related data for the first interior access point may also include communicating the first edge location-related data from the first edge access point to the first interior access point.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods fordetermining the locations of access points in a geographic area, such asa building or other structure.

BACKGROUND

Network systems may include a number of access points in a geographicarea, such as a building or other structure. Access points are hardwaredevices that facilitate connection of wireless devices to a hard-wirednetwork in the geographic area. For example, a building may include oneor more networks for communication of data between different devicesassociated with the one or more networks. Some buildings may include arelatively large number of access points installed throughout thebuilding, often in locations that are not readily apparent. In someinstances, the locations of the access points may be recorded at thetime of installation of the access points. However, some locations maybe inaccurately recorded at the time of installation. In addition, overtime some access points may be moved, resulting in the location of theaccess points changing, and further, access points may be added to anetwork, for example, as the size of an organization grows. As a result,it may be difficult and time consuming to find the access points,rendering performance of service or maintenance associated with accesspoints difficult.

Therefore, it may be advantageous to develop techniques to determine thelocations of access points in a geographic area.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description is set forth below with reference to theaccompanying figures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of areference number identifies the figure in which the reference numberfirst appears. The use of the same reference numbers in differentfigures indicates similar or identical items. The systems depicted inthe accompanying figures are not to scale and components within thefigures may be depicted not to scale with each other.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment including an examplegeographic area including a plurality of access points, a pair ofexample stations associated with the geographic area, and an exampleauto-location component of a system for performing a process ofdetermining the locations for at least some of the access points in thegeographic area.

FIG. 2 is a component diagram illustrating example components of anexample system for determining the locations of at least some accesspoints located in a geographic area.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example environment including an examplegeographic area including a plurality of access points, an examplestation, and an example auto-location component of a system forperforming a process for identifying edge access points from among aplurality of access points in the geographic area.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example environment including an examplegeographic area including two edge access points of the geographic area,two example stations communicating with one of the edge access points,and an example auto-location component of a system for performingexample processes for determining location-related data for the edgeaccess point.

FIG. 5 illustrates the example environment shown in FIG. 4 including oneof the edge access points exchanging ranging data with the two stations,and a block diagram showing an example of using ranging data exchangesto determine location-related data for the edge access point.

FIG. 6 illustrates the example environment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5showing an example process for using the ranging data exchanges todetermine location-related data for the edge access point.

FIG. 7 illustrates the example environment shown in FIGS. 4-6 andanother example process for using the ranging data exchanges todetermine location-related data for the edge access point, includingconfidence levels and timestamps associated with the ranging data.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example environment including an examplegeographic area including a plurality of access points exchangingranging data between neighbor access points and a block diagram of anexample process for updating location-related data associated with atleast some of the access points based on the exchange of ranging data.

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B illustrate a flow diagram of an example process fordetermining locations for at least some access points in a geographicarea and updating the locations based at least in part on confidencelevels associated with the locations.

FIG. 10 is a computer architecture diagram showing an illustrativecomputer hardware architecture for implementing devices that may be usedto implement aspects of the various technologies presented herein.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Overview

This disclosure describes, in part, a system configured to identify, viaan auto-location component, from among a plurality of access points inan area in communication with a network, a plurality of edge accesspoints associated with an edge of the area. In addition, the system mayalso be configured to determine first edge location-related data for afirst edge access point of the plurality of edge access points, anddetermine first interior location-related data for a first interioraccess point of the plurality of access points. Determining the firstinterior location-related data for the first interior access point mayinclude exchanging ranging data indicative of a first relative distancebetween the first edge access point and the first interior access point.The ranging data may be based at least in part on at least one of finetiming measurements or time-of-flight-based measurements. Determiningthe first interior location-related data for the first interior accesspoint may also include communicating the first edge location-relateddata from the first edge access point to the first interior accesspoint.

Additionally, the techniques described herein may be performed via amethod and/or non-transitory computer-readable media storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by one or moreprocessors, performs methods described herein.

Example Embodiments

As noted above, network systems may include a number of access points ina geographic area, such as a building or other structure. For example, abuilding may include one or more networks for communication of databetween different devices associated with the one or more networks, andsome buildings may include a relatively large number access pointsthroughout the building, often in locations that are not readilyapparent. For a number of reasons, it may be difficult and timeconsuming to find the access points, rendering performance of service ormaintenance associated with access points difficult.

IEEE 802.11az and 802.11-2016 (fine timing measurements (FTM))facilitate exchange of ranging messages between two stations, forexample, between a smartphone and an access point, so that relativepositions between the two stations may be determined. However, theranging message exchange may only be useful for location-based servicesif the location of at least one of the two stations is known. However,if neither of the locations is known, although a first one of thestations may be able to determine its relative distance from the secondof the stations, it is not possible, without more information, todetermine the location of the first station based on the ranging messageexchange between the two stations. The above-referenced protocolsfacilitate for either one of the two stations to communicategeo-coordinates information in a field called Location ConfigurationInformation (LCI). However, the LCI does not facilitate determination ofthe location of the two stations without additional information, such asthe location of one of the two stations. For example, the first station(e.g., a smartphone) needs the LCI from the second station (e.g., anaccess point), but the second station, being an indoor access point, hasno location-determining mechanism (e.g., a GPS system) to provide theLCI.

Thus, this disclosure describes techniques for determininglocation-related data associated with a plurality of access points in ageographic area, such as a building. For example, a system may beconfigured to determine location-related data for a plurality of accesspoints in a geographic area in communication with a network. In someexamples, the location-related data may be determined by an exchange ofdata between one or more stations and at least some of the accesspoints. For example, this disclosure describes techniques for generatingLCI data from a seed exchange between stations (e.g., betweensmartphones and access points), and, in some examples, facilitatessubstantially continuous learning to increase the location parameters.In some examples, the system may result in an ability for access pointsto self-locate one another on a common level of a geographic location,such as the floor of a building.

In some examples, a system may be configured to identify, via anauto-location component, from among a plurality of access points in anarea in communication with a network, a plurality of edge access pointsassociated with an edge of the area. The system may also be configuredto determine first edge location-related data for a first edge accesspoint of the plurality of edge access points, and determine firstinterior location-related data for a first interior access point of theplurality of access points. In some examples, determining the firstinterior location-related data for the first interior access point mayinclude exchanging ranging data indicative of a first relative distancebetween the first edge access point and the first interior access point,wherein the ranging data may be based at least in part on fine timingmeasurements (FTM) and/or time-of-flight-based measurements. Determiningthe first interior location-related data for the first interior accesspoint may also include communicating the first edge location-relateddata from the first edge access point to the first interior accesspoint.

In some examples, identifying the plurality of edge access pointsassociated with the edge of the area may include determining a number ofneighbor access points for at least some of the plurality of accesspoints, and identifying as edge access points, from among the at leastsome of the plurality of access points, access points having a minimumnumber of neighbor access points. In some examples, identifying theplurality of edge access points may include identifying as edge accesspoints, access points that are first to detect a presence of a stationconfigured to communicate with at least some of the plurality of accesspoints. In still other examples, identifying the plurality of edgeaccess points may include identifying as edge access points, accesspoints that lack neighbor access points in an at leastone-hundred-eighty-degree area surrounding the access point. In someexamples, this may be performed by an auto-location component (e.g., anauto-location engine) operating on Connected Mobile Experience™ (CMX)(and/or any other engine configured to determine station and/or accesspoint locations and/or represent at least some of the locations on amap), which may be configured to collect data associated with the accesspoints and detect access points at the edge of the geographic location,such as the periphery of the interior of a building.

In some examples, determining the first edge location-related data forthe first edge access point of the plurality of edge access points mayinclude detecting, via the first edge access point, a presence of afirst station configured to communicate with at least some of theplurality of access points. The first station may be a mobile device,such as, for example, a smartphone or tablet. Determining the first edgelocation-related data may also include initiating, via the first edgeaccess point, communication with the first station, and determiningfirst station ranging data indicative of a first station relativedistance between the first station and the first edge access point. Insome examples, the first station ranging data may be based at least inpart on fine timing measurements (FTM) and/or time-of-flight-basedmeasurements. Determining the first edge location-related data may alsoinclude communicating first station location-related data to the firstedge access point, such as, for example, LCI associated with the firststation. The first station location-related data may include one or moreof a first station location of the first station, a first confidencelevel associated with an accuracy of the first station location, or afirst timestamp associated with a first time period between adetermination time at which determination of the first station locationoccurred and a communication time at which the first stationlocation-related data is communicated to the first edge access point.For example, the first edge access point may retrieve LCI associatedwith the first station from the first station.

In some examples, determining the first edge location-related data mayalso include detecting, via the first edge access point, a presence of asecond station configured to communicate with at least some of theplurality of access points. The second station may also include a mobiledevice. Determining the first edge location-related data may alsoinclude initiating, via the first edge access point, communication withthe second station, and determining second station ranging dataindicative of a second station relative distance between the secondstation and the first edge access point. In some examples, the secondstation ranging data may be based at least in part on FTM. Determiningthe first edge location-related data may also include communicatingsecond station location-related data to the first edge access point,such as, for example, LCI associated with the second station. The secondstation location-related data may include one or more of a secondstation location of the second station, a second confidence levelassociated with an accuracy of the second station location, or a secondtimestamp associated with a second time period between a determinationtime at which determination of the second station location occurred anda communication time at which the second station location-related datais communicated to the first edge access point. For example, the firstedge access point may retrieve LCI associated with the second stationfrom the second station.

In some examples, the system may be configured to determine a firstcircle having a first center at least partially defined by the firststation location and a first radius at least partially defined by thefirst station relative distance. The system may also be configured todetermine a second circle having a second center at least partiallydefined by the second station location and a second radius at leastpartially defined by the second station relative distance. The systemmay further be configured to identify as the first edge access pointlocation an intersection of the first circle and the second circle withone another.

In some examples, the first station location-related data may include afirst confidence level associated with the accuracy of the first stationlocation and/or the second station location-related data may include asecond confidence level associated with the accuracy of the secondstation location. In some such examples, the system may also beconfigured to determine, based at least in part on the first confidencelevel and/or the second confidence level, a first edge access pointconfidence level associated with an accuracy of the first edge accesspoint location. In some such examples, the first circle may include afirst inner radius and a first outer radius at least partiallyindicative of the first confidence level, and the second circle mayinclude a second inner radius and a second outer radius at leastpartially indicative of the second confidence level. In some suchexamples, identifying as the first edge access point location theintersection of the first circle and the second circle with one anothermay include identifying as the first edge access point location anintercept centroid with respect to the first circle and the secondcircle.

In some examples of the system, the system may be configured todetermine edge location-related data for located edge access points ofat least some of the plurality of edge access points, and determineinterior location-related data for located interior access points of aplurality of interior access points, for example, by exchanging rangingdata and location-related data between neighboring access points. Insome examples, this may include initiating exchange of ranging databetween (1) neighboring located edge access points; (2) between locatededge access points and neighboring located interior access points; (3)and/or between neighboring located interior access points. In someexamples, the system may be configured to update, based at least in parton exchanged ranging data, location-related data for the plurality ofedge access points and the plurality of interior access points. In someexamples, the updating may be performed substantially continuouslyuntil, for example, the location-related data for the access pointsachieves a threshold confidence level. In addition, in some examples,the system may be configured to automatically determine, via theauto-location component, location-related data for one or more of theplurality of access points upon relocation of the one or more accesspoints, and/or automatically determine, via the auto-location component,location-related data for one or more of additional access points addedto the plurality of access points.

In some examples, at least some of the example processes described abovemay be executed by a machine-learning-trained analytical model. Forexample, the auto-location component may execute the analytical model.

Certain implementations and embodiments of the disclosure will now bedescribed more fully below with reference to the accompanying figures,in which various aspects are shown. However, the various aspects may beimplemented in many different forms and should not be construed aslimited to the implementations set forth herein. The disclosureencompasses variations of the embodiments, as described herein. Likenumbers refer to like elements throughout.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment 100 including an examplegeographic area 102 including a plurality of access points 104 (e.g.,AP1, AP2, AP3, . . . APn), a pair of example stations 106 (e.g., STA1and STA2) associated with the geographic area 102, and an example system108 including an example auto-location component 110 for performing aprocess of determining the location-related data for at least some ofthe access points 104 in the geographic area 102. The geographic area102 may include any area in which one or more networks are deployed,such as, for example, a building or other structure. The access points104 may include any hardware devices that create a wireless local areanetwork (WLAN), for example, that facilitates connection of wirelessdevices to a hard-wired network in the geographic area 102. Other typesof access point devices are contemplated.

The stations 106 may include any mobile computing device configured tobe transported, for example, by a respective person 112A and 112B, andconfigured to wirelessly communicate with one or more of the accesspoints 104, for example, to gain access to the one or more networks inthe geographic area 102. The stations 106 may be configured tocommunicate with one or more of the access points 104 via any knownwireless communication protocols, such as, for example, Bluetooth™,general packet radio service (GPRS), cellular digital packet data(CDPD), mobile solutions platform (MSP), multimedia messaging (MMS),wireless application protocol (WAP), code division multiple access(CDMA), short message service (SMS), wireless markup language (WML),handheld device markup language (HDML), binary runtime environment forwireless (BREW), radio access network (RAN), packet switched corenetworks (PS-CN), any protocols associated with IEEE 802.11, and/orUltra-Wide band (UWB) (e.g., any form associated with IEEE 802.15.4,802.15.4a, and/or 802.15.4z). Also included are various generationwireless technologies. Any other known or anticipated wireless protocolsand technologies may be used. The stations 106 may any type of mobilecomputing device, such as, for example, computers, network devices,internet appliances, tablet computers, PDAs, wireless phones,smartphones, pagers, etc. Other types of stations and/or protocols arecontemplated.

As shown in FIG. 1, one or more of the stations 106 may be in wirelesscommunication with one or more global positioning system (GPS)satellites 114 (e.g., three or more GPS satellites) to assist withproviding the position and/or orientation of each of the stations 106.Other forms and/or devices for determining the location and/ororientation of the stations 106 are contemplated. For example, one ormore of the stations 106 may include one or more accelerometers, one ormore gyroscopes, and/or one or more inertial measurement units forreplacing and/or supplementing the location and/or orientationdetermined via communication with the GPS satellites 114, for example,when stations 106 are unable to communicate with the GPS satellites 114or signals from the GPS satellites 114 are weak, corrupted, and/orotherwise result in inaccurate location/orientation information.

As noted above, a system 108 for determining the location-related dataassociated with one or more of the access points 104 may include anauto-location component 110 configured to coordinate determination ofthe location-related data associated with one or more of the pluralityof access points 104 in the geographic area 102. FIG. 1 includes a blockdiagram showing an example process 116 that may be performed by theauto-location component 110 in association with communications betweenthe GPS satellites 114 and one of more of the stations 106, and betweenthe stations 106 and at least some of the plurality of access points104.

As shown FIG. 1, the example process 116, at 118, may includeidentifying one or more edge access points from among the plurality ofaccess points 104 located in the geographic area 102, for example, asdiscussed herein with respect to FIG. 3. Edge access points may includeany access points 104 located along or in the vicinity of the peripheryof the geographic area 102 (e.g., the interior of a building). Once oneor more of the edge access points are identified, at 120, the exampleprocess 116 may include detecting, via one or more of the edge accesspoints, one of more of the stations 106, for example, as describedherein with respect to FIG. 4. At 122, the process 116 may include oneor more of the edge access points communicating with one or more of thestations 106 to determine location-related data associated with the oneor more stations 106 and based at least in part on the location-relateddata associated with the one or more stations 106. At 124, the exampleprocess 116 may include determining location-related data for one ormore of the edge access points, for example, as described herein withrespect to FIGS. 5-7. In some examples, the location-related dataassociated with the stations STA1 and/or STA2 may include the positionof the respective station, the distance between the respective stationand a respective edge access point, for example, as described hereinwith respect to FIGS. 5 and 6. In some examples, the location-relateddata associated with the respective edge access points may includeidentification of a location of the respective access point. At 126, theexample process 116 may include determining location-related data forone or more of interior access points from among the plurality of accesspoints 104, for example, as discussed herein with respect to FIG. 8. Insome examples, the location-related data associated with the respectiveinterior access points may include identification of a location of therespective access point. In some examples, the interior access pointsmay include any access points that are not identified as edge accesspoints, for example, as discussed with respect to FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some examples, the example process 116, at 128,may include determining confidence levels for the location-related data,for example, associated with one or more of the stations STA1 or STA2,with one or more of the edge access points, and/or for one or more ofthe interior access points, for example, as described herein withrespect to FIGS. 7 and 8. At 130, some examples of the process 116 mayinclude exchanging ranging data between neighbor access points, forexample, as discussed with respect to FIG. 8. In some examples, rangingdata may include one or more of locations of the neighbor access points,relative locations between neighbor access points, or confidence levelsassociated with the relative locations between the respective neighboraccess points. In some examples, neighbor access points may be accesspoints within a threshold distance of one another based at leastpartially on, for example, signal strength associated with signalscommunicated between the access points 104, for example, as discussedherein with respect to FIG. 3. At 132, some examples of the process 116may include updating the location-related data associated with one ormore of the access points 104 based at least in part on the exchanges ofranging data between the access points 104 at 130, for example, asdiscussed herein with respect to FIG. 8.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some examples, the process 116 may also include,at 134, determining location-related data for relocated access points.For example, one or more of the access points 104 may be relocated, forexample, due to changes to the geographic location (e.g., changes to theinterior of a building and/or repositioning the access point(s) 104 dueto additions or subtractions of access points). Some examples of theprocess 116 may include determining the locations of relocated accesspoints, for example, as discussed herein with respect to FIG. 8. In someexamples, the process 116, at 136, may include determininglocation-related data for added access points, for example, as discussedwith respect to FIG. 8.

FIG. 2 is a component diagram 200 illustrating example components of anexample system 108 for determining the location-related data associatedwith at least some access points 104 located in a geographic area 102.As illustrated, the system 108 may include one or more computersystem(s) 202, which may include one or more hardware processor(s) 204configured to execute one or more stored instructions. The processor(s)204 may include one or more cores, and the computer system(s) 202 mayinclude one or more network interface(s) 206 configured to providecommunications between the computer system(s) 202 and other devices,such as the access points 104 and/or the stations 106, for example, viaone or more network(s) 208. The network interface(s) 206 may includedevices configured to couple to personal area networks (PANs), wired andwireless local area networks (LANs), wired and wireless wide areanetworks (WANs), and so forth. For example, the network interface(s) 206may include devices compatible with Ethernet, Wi-Fi™, Ultra-Wide band(UWB), and so forth.

The computer system(s) 202 may include computer-readable media 210 thatstores one or more operating system(s) 212. The operating system(s) 212may generally support basic functions of the devices of the computersystem(s) 202, such as scheduling tasks on the devices, executingapplications on the devices, controlling peripheral devices, and soforth. The computer-readable media 210 may further store theauto-location component 110 that is configured to, when executed by theprocessor(s) 204, perform at least the functions described herein.

In some examples, the auto-location component 110 may include an edge APidentifier component 214 configured to identifier edge access pointsfrom among the plurality of access points 104 in a geographic area 102,for example, as described herein. The auto-location component 110 mayalso include a station locator component 216 configured to identifyrespective locations of respective stations 106, for example, based oncommunications between the access points 104 and the stations 106, whichmay be via the one or more network(s) 208 and/or directly via respectivetransceivers associated with the access points 104 and the stations 106,for example, as described herein. In some examples, the auto-locationcomponent 110 may also include an access point locator component 218configured to determine and/or update the respective location-relateddata associated with one or more of the access points 104, for example,as described herein. The auto-location component 110 may, in someexamples, also include a confidence level component 220 configured todetermine confidence levels associated with the location-related dataassociated with the access points 104 and/or the stations 106, forexample, as described herein.

As shown in FIG. 2, some examples of the system 108 may include alocation update component 222 configured to update the respectivelocation-related data associated with the access points 104 and/or thestations 106, for example, as two or more of the access points 104and/or the stations 106 exchange ranging data, for example, as describedherein. In some examples, location update component 222 may include alocation model 224, and execution of the location model 224 may resultin updating the location-related data associated with one or more of theaccess points 104 and/or one or more of the stations 106, for example,as described herein. In some examples, the location model 224 mayinclude an analytical model configured to update the location-relateddata, for example, based on exchanges of data between the access points104 and/or the stations 106. In some examples, the location model 224may include a machine-learning-trained analytical model. For example,the computer system(s) 202 may include, and/or be in communication with,a machine learning engine 226 configured to use training data 228 toimprove the ability of the system 108 to determine the respectivelocation-related data associated with the access points 104 and/or thestations 106, for example, as described herein. For example, thetraining data 228 may be generated through repeated determinations ofthe location-related data associated with the assess points 104 and/orthe stations 106.

In some examples, the machine learning engine 226 may be part of, orincorporated into, a machine learning network, which may execute any oneor more machine learning algorithms, such as, for example, neuralnetworks. A neural network may be a biologically inspired algorithm,which passes input data through a series of connected layers to producean output. One example of a neural network is the convolutional neuralnetwork (CNN). Each layer in a CNN may also include another CNN, or mayinclude any number of layers. A neural network may utilize machinelearning, which is a broad class of such algorithms in which an outputis generated based on learned parameters.

Although discussed in the context of neural networks, any type ofmachine learning may be used consistent with this disclosure. Forexample, machine learning algorithms may include, but are not limitedto, regression algorithms (e.g., ordinary least squares regression(OLSR), linear regression, logistic regression, stepwise regression,multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), locally estimatedscatterplot smoothing (LOESS)), instance-based algorithms (e.g., ridgeregression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO),elastic net, least-angle regression (LARS)), decisions tree algorithms(e.g., classification and regression tree (CART), iterative dichotomiser3 (ID3), Chi-squared automatic interaction detection (CHAID), decisionstump, conditional decision trees)), Bayesian algorithms (e.g., naïveBayes, Gaussian naïve Bayes, multinomial naïve Bayes, averageone-dependence estimators (AODE), Bayesian belief network (BNN),Bayesian networks), clustering algorithms (e.g., k-means, k-medians,expectation maximization (EM), hierarchical clustering), associationrule learning algorithms (e.g., perceptron, back-propagation, hopfieldnetwork, Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN)), deep learning algorithms(e.g., Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM), Deep Belief Networks (DBN),Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Stacked Auto-Encoders),Dimensionality Reduction Algorithms (e.g., Principal Component Analysis(PCA), Principal Component Regression (PCR), Partial Least SquaresRegression (PLSR), Sammon Mapping, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS),Projection Pursuit, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), MixtureDiscriminant Analysis (MDA), Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA),Flexible Discriminant Analysis (FDA)), Ensemble Algorithms (e.g.,Boosting, Bootstrapped Aggregation (Bagging), AdaBoost, StackedGeneralization (blending), Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), GradientBoosted Regression Trees (GBRT), Random Forest), SVM (support vectormachine), supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervisedlearning, etc.

In some examples, more than one type of machine learning network may beused to provide respective results for each of the types of machinelearning used. In some examples, a confidence score may be associatedwith each of the results, and the result relied on may be based at leastin part on the confidence score associated with the result. For example,the result associated with the highest confidence score may be selectedover other results, or the results may be combined based on theconfidence scores, for example, based on statistical methods, such asweighted averages, etc.

As shown in FIG. 2, the computer system(s) 202 may include, and/oraccess, a data store 230. The data store 230 may include a file storeincluding data associated with one or more of the access points 104,data associated with the locations of the one or more access points 104,data associated with one or more of the stations 106, data associatedwith one or more of the locations of the stations 106, and/or associatedwith the geographic area 102.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example environment 300 including an examplegeographic area 302 including a plurality of access points 104, anexample station STA1, and an example auto-location component 110 of asystem 108 for performing a process for identifying edge access pointsfrom among a plurality of access points 104 in the geographic area 302.The environment 300 and the geographic area 302 may correspond to theenvironment 100 and geographic area 102 shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 includesa block diagram showing example processes 300 for identifying edgeaccess points from among a plurality of access points 104 located in thegeographic area 302.

As shown in FIG. 3, identifying, via the auto-location component 110,from among a plurality of access points 104 in the geographic area 302in communication with one or more networks, a plurality of edge accesspoints may include, at 306, identifying access points having a minimumnumber of neighbor access points. In some examples, this may includedetermining a number of neighbor access points for at least some of theplurality of access points 104, and identifying as edge access points,access points 104 having a minimum number of neighbor access points. Forexample, it would be expected that access points at an edge of thegeographic area 302 (e.g., a building) will have a relatively lowercount of neighbor access points than access points in an interior regionof the geographic area 302. In some examples, the auto-locationcomponent 110 may be configured to determine the number of neighboraccess points for one or more of the access points 104 located in thegeographic area 302. In some examples, this may be performed by anauto-location component (e.g., an auto-location engine) operating onConnected Mobile Experience™ (CMX) (and/or any other engine configuredto determine station and/or access point locations and/or represent atleast some of the locations on a map), which may be configured tocollect data associated with the access points and detect access pointsat the edge of the geographic location, such as the periphery of theinterior of a building.

In some examples, determination of whether an access point 104 is aneighbor access point relative to another access point may be based onthe signal strength of signals communicated between two access points104. For example, if the signal strength is greater than or equal to athreshold signal strength, then the two access points 104 may bedetermined to be neighbor access points relative to one another. Incontrast, if the signal strength is below the threshold signal strength,it may be determined that the access points are not neighbor accesspoints relative to one another.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a plurality of access points AP1 through APn,along with representations showing the number of neighbor access points104 relative to each of the access points 104. In the example shown, theaccess points AP1, AP2, AP3, AP4, AP6, AP7, AP10, AP13, and AP14 areedge access points located around the periphery of the interior of thegeographic area 302. In the example shown, each of the edge accesspoints has three or fewer neighbors. FIG. 3 also shows interior accesspoints AP5, AP8, AP9, and AP12, which are not edge access points. Eachof the interior access points, in contrast to the edge access points,has four or more neighbors. Thus, in some examples, the edge accesspoints may be distinguished from the interior access points by astatistical analysis of the number of neighbor access points for each ofthe access points, and identifying as edge access points those accesspoints that are statistically more likely to be edge access points. Insome examples, one or more of the access points 104 and/or one or moreof the stations 106 may include a sensor configured to generate sensordata indicative of an altitude of the respective access point and/or therespective station. In some such examples, the sensor may include abarometric measuring device. In some such examples, one or more signalsgenerated by the sensor may be used to determine whether the accesspoints 104 are located on the same level as one another (e.g., on thesame floor of a multi-floor building). In some examples, access points104 that are not on the same level may be considered as not beingneighbor access points relative to one another.

In some examples, at 308, the edge access points may be identified asaccess points of the plurality of access points 104 that are first todetect a presence of an access point 104 and/or a station 106. Forexample, one or more of the access points 104 may be configured toreport detected probe requests from other access points 104 and/or oneor more stations 106, and the detected media access control (MAC)addresses may be recorded along with the MAC address of the reportingaccess point. In some such examples, if the MAC address has already beendetected by another access point, the reporting access point may bedetermined to not be an edge access point. For example, as a station 106enters a building, it would be expected to be first detected by an edgeaccess point rather than an interior access point.

In some examples, the auto-location component 110 may be configured tomitigate or eliminate false determinations of edge access points. Forexample, although one or more of the stations 104 may not change MACaddresses for each scan iteration, some at least some stations maychange local MAC addresses at time intervals, thereby potentiallycreating an appearance of a MAC address that has not been previouslydetected. In some examples, the auto-location component 110 may beconfigured to determine at least some such false positives at leastbecause MAC address rotation intervals may be different from the accesspoint-to-access point roaming speed over more than two access points,and the MAC address rotation may either be seen several times within asingle cell or may occur over more than one cell, at least in someinstances potentially rendering outliers easily identifiable.

In another example of potentially inaccurately identifying edge accesspoints, access points on non-entry levels (e.g., on upper floors of amulti-floor building) may detect probes from MAC addresses that may havealready been detected by ground level access points. In some instances,however, without first being detected on a ground-level, a station mayappear on a non-ground level, for example, when a building includes aparking garage, and an elevator or stairway provides direct access to anon-ground level (e.g., an upper floor of a building) and/or non-groundlevels are part of a different network than a network on a ground-level.In some such instances, in stations that include a GPS, a GPS signalcommunicated to the access points may be stale and/or unavailable, and aresponse to a prompt by the access point (e.g., an LCI exchange) mayfail. In some such examples, the auto-location component 110 may beconfigured to account for this and determine that the access point isnot an edge access point, even though it is the first access point on agiven level to detect the station. In some examples, an at least similartechnique may be used to identify false edge access points when ageographic area has an invented edge, for example, where the accesspoints that surround an edge of the geographic area have more neighboraccess points than at least some other access points, the stationappears as a central point. In some such examples, the auto-locationcomponent 110 may be configured to switch from one model to another upondetection of such an entry point.

In some examples, the process identifying the edge access points 304 mayinclude a combination of both 306 and 308. In some examples, the process300 for identifying edge access points 304 may include identifying asedge access points, access points that lack neighbor access points in anat least one-hundred-eighty-degree area surrounding the access point,for example, as shown in FIG. 3. For example, access point AP4 shown inFIG. 3 has three neighbor access points 104 (AP3, AP5, and AP9), and isan edge access point. As shown, the access point AP4 does not have anyneighbor access points in an at least one-hundred-eighty-degree area 312surrounding the access point AP4. In some examples, a constellation mapmay be created for one or more of the access points 104, and the resultof the constellation computation may directly translate into respectivepositions of the access points 104. An access point neighbor proximityand orientation graph may be used to detect access points that do nothave a neighbor access point in two or more of four quadrants, forexample, such that edge access points do not have a neighbor accesspoint in a one-hundred-eighty-degree or larger area. In some examples,310 may use a standard indoor path loss model available in CMX and mayperform reverse path loss to translate RSSI into distance metrics. Insome examples, an alternate method may be to use FTM to perform accesspoint-to-access point distance computation and incorporate the distancecomputation directly into an access point neighbor graph. In someexamples, the process 300 for identifying edge access points 304 mayinclude both 306 and 310, or may substitute 306 with 310.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example environment 400 including an examplegeographic area 402 including two edge access points 104 (e.g., AP1 andAP2) of the geographic area 402, two example stations STA1 and STA2communicating with one of the edge access points 104 (i.e., AP1), and anexample auto-location component 110 of a system 108 for performingexample processes for determining location-related data for one of theedge access points 104. The environment 400 and the geographic area 402may correspond to the environment 100 and geographic area 102 shown inFIG. 1. FIG. 4 includes a block diagram showing an example process 404for determining location-related data for one or more of the edge accesspoint(s), for example, edge access point AP1. For example, the process404 may include, at 406, detecting, via the edge access point AP1, apresence of the first station STA1, which may be a station configured tocommunicate with at least some of the plurality of access points 104. At408, the process 404 may include initiating, via the edge access pointAP1, communication with the first station STA1. In some examples, at408, the process 404 may also include determining ranging dataindicative of a relative distance between the first station STA1 and theedge access point AP1. In some examples, the ranging data may be basedat least in part on FTM.

For example, the first station STA1 may be an FTM-enabled station, whichmay be detected by the edge access point AP1 and/or the edge accesspoint AP2, for example, upon entering the geographic area 402. In someexamples, the edge access point AP1 may initiate a ranging exchange andretrieve location-related data associated with the first station STA1,which may include LCI. In some such examples, the edge access point AP1may be configured to communicate the ranging data including the LCI tothe auto-location component 110, for example, which may add dataassociated with the ranging exchange to the training data 228 (FIG. 2).In some examples, if the first station STA1 does not include LCI, theedge access point AP1 may be configured to ignore the ranging datareceived from the first station STA1, and continue detecting stations106. In some examples, the station 106 may be an FTM-enabled station,and the LCI may include current GPS data (and/or other location data)associated with the respective station 106. In some examples, thestation 106 may be an FTM-plus-enabled station 106, and the ranging datamay include an LCI field including a confidence level and/or a timestampindicative of, for example, a time interval that has elapsed since theLCI and/or the GPS data was transmitted. The confidence level may beindicative of an expected accuracy of the LCI and/or GPS data. In someexamples, the access point 104 may include a sensor (e.g., a barometer)configured to generate one of more signals indicative of the elevationof the access point 104, for example, as described herein, and may beused to determine the level of a building on which the access point islocated.

Some stations 106 may be include GPS hardware having an accuracy on theorder of about ten meters. Some stations 106 may include relativelyhigher accuracy GPS hardware (e.g., L5-enabled GPS hardware) that mayhave an accuracy ranging from about one to about three meters. Somestations 106 may incorporate post-processing procedures with groundamplifiers (e.g., BeiDou™) and may have an accuracy of about one meteror less. In some example stations 106, once the GPS signal count fallsbelow the minimum threshold accuracy level, which may be ahardware-dependent limit, some stations 106 may extrapolate changes inlocation based on sensors, such as, for example, accelerometers,gyroscopes, and/or inertial measurement units incorporated into thestation 106. In some such examples, location-related data associatedwith the station 106 may continue to be determined, but with adecreasing confidence level associated with the accuracy oflocation-related data determination. The confidence level may representa summation of such considerations.

In some examples, as more stations 106 enter the geographic area 402,location-related data may be determined for the edge access points 104.In some examples, the location related data may include relativedistances to respective stations 104 and confidence levels associatedwith the respective relative distances. One or more of the access points104 (e.g., the edge access points 104) may use this data to determineits respective access point location-related data (e.g., its LCI andconfidence level), for example, as described with respect to FIGS. 5-7

FIG. 5 illustrates the example environment 400 shown in FIG. 4 includingone of the edge access points 104 (e.g., AP1) exchanging ranging datawith first and second stations STA1 and STA2, and a block diagramshowing an example process 500 using ranging data exchanges to determinelocation-related data for the edge access point AP1. As shown in FIG. 5,the first station STA1 is detected by the access point AP1 as the firststation STA1 enters the geographic area 402 (e.g., a building). Theaccess point AP1 may initiate a ranging exchange and retrieve rangingdata RD1 associated with the first station STA1, which may include LCI.In some such examples, the edge access point AP1 may be configured tocommunicate the ranging data RD1 including the LCI to the auto-locationcomponent 110. As shown in FIG. 5, the ranging data RD1 associated withthe first station STA1 may include the relative distance 502 between thefirst station STA1 and the edge access point AP1 and the location 1 ofthe first station STA1. Similarly, the second station STA2 may bedetected by the access point AP1 as the second station STA2 enters thegeographic area 402. The access point AP1 may initiate a rangingexchange and retrieve ranging data RD2 associated with the secondstation STA2, which may include LCI. In some such examples, the edgeaccess point AP1 may be configured to communicate the ranging data RD2including the LCI to the auto-location component 110. As shown in FIG.5, the ranging data RD2 associated with the second station STA2 mayinclude the relative distance 504 between the second station STA2 andthe access point AP1 and the location 2 of the second station STA2.

FIG. 6 illustrates the example environment 400 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5showing an example process 500 for using the ranging data exchanges todetermine location-related data for the edge access point AP1. Forexample, the process 500 may include determining a first circle 600having a first center 602 at least partially defined by location 1associated with the first station STA1 and a first radius R1 at leastpartially defined by the first station relative distance 502. Theprocess 500 may also include determining a second circle 604 having asecond center 606 at least partially defined by the location 2associated with the second station STA2 and a second radius R2 at leastpartially defined by the second station relative distance 504. Theprocess 500 may also include identifying as the first edge access pointlocation an intersection 608 of the first circle 600 and the secondcircle 604 with one another.

FIG. 7 illustrates the example environment 400 shown in FIGS. 4-6, andanother example of the process 500 for using the ranging data exchangesto determine location-related data 700 for the edge access point AP1,wherein the ranging data RD1 and RD2 includes confidence levels andtimestamps associated with the respective ranging data. For example, asshow in FIG. 7, the location-related data associated with the firststation STA1 (e.g., the ranging data RD1), in addition to including therelative distance 502 and the location 1 associated with the firststation STA1, includes a confidence level 702 associated with theaccuracy of the location 1 of the first station STA1 and a timestamp 704associated with the first station STA1, for example, as describedherein. In addition, the location-related data associated with thesecond station STA2 (e.g., the ranging data RD2), in addition toincluding the relative distance 504 and the location 2 associated withthe second station STA2, includes a confidence level 706 associated withthe accuracy of the location 2 of the second station STA2 and atimestamp 708 associated with the second station STA2, for example, asdescribed herein. In some such examples, the process 500 may alsoinclude determining, based at least in part on the first confidencelevel 702 and/or the second confidence level 706, a confidence level 710associated with the accuracy of the location-related data 700 associatedwith the edge access point AP1, including, for example, the location 712of the access point AP1.

As shown in FIG. 7, in some examples of the process 500, the firstcircle 600 may include a first inner radius RI1 and a first outer radiusRO1 at least partially indicative of the confidence level 702 associatedwith the location-related data associated with the first station STA1.Similarly, in some examples, the second circle 604 may include a secondinner radius RI2 and a second outer radius RO2 at least partiallyindicative of the confidence level 706 associated with thelocation-related data associated with the second station STA2. Thedifference between the inner radius and the outer radius may beindicative of the confidence level, for example, with relatively greaterdifferences being indicative of a relatively lower confidence level. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 7, the confidence level associated with thefirst circle 600 would be expected to be relatively higher that theconfidence level associated with the second circle 604 due to thegreater difference between the second outer radius RO2 and the secondinner radius RI2, relative to the difference between the first outerradius RO1 and the first inner radius RI1.

In some examples, the process 500 may include identifying as the edgeaccess point AP1 location 712 an intercept centroid 714 with respect tothe first circle 600 and the second circle 604, for example, as shown inFIG. 7. In this example manner, the process 500, in some examples, mayaccount for the confidence level associated with determining thelocations of respective access points 104, including edge access pointsand/or interior access points. In some examples, one or more of theaccess points 104 may be configured to determine its ownlocation-related data, including its location and a correspondingconfidence level associated the respective location.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example environment 800 including an examplegeographic area 802 including a plurality of access points 104exchanging ranging data RD between neighbor access points 104 and ablock diagram of an example process 804 for updating location-relateddata associated with at least some of the access points 104 based on theexchange of ranging data RD. For example, the process 804, at 806,includes exchanging ranging data RD between neighbor access points 104.In some examples, the ranging data may include access point locations808, relative locations between neighbor access points 810, and/orconfidence levels 812 associated with the ranging data for one or moreof the access points 104. In some such examples, the process 804 mayinclude determining updated location-related data 814 for one or more ofthe access points 104. For example, the process 804 may includedetermining location-related data for a plurality of the edge accesspoints 104 and associating respective confidence levels 808 for each ofthe plurality of edge access points 104. Similarly, the process 804 mayinclude determining location-related data for a plurality of interioraccess points 104 and associating respective confidence levels for eachof the plurality of interior access points 104. In addition, the process804 may include updating at least some of the location-related dataassociated with the edge access points and/or the interior access points104, for example, to improve at least some of the respective confidencelevels 812. In some examples, the process 804 may also include, overtime, exchanging additional ranging data indicative of additionalrelative distances between at least some pairs of the plurality ofaccess points 104, and determining, based at least in part on theadditional ranging data and/or the additional location-related data,updated location-related data for at least some of the access points 104(e.g., the edge access points and/or the interior access points). Insome examples, the updating may be performed by the location model 224(see FIG. 2), which, in some examples, may be an analytical modeltrained by a machine learning engine 226, for example, using thetraining data 228.

In some examples, as repeated ranging data exchanges take place betweenthe stations 106 and the access points 104 and/or between neighboringaccess points 104, the accuracy of the location-related data for eachaccess point pair of the exchanges may also increase. In some examples,once the confidence levels for an access point pair reaches a thresholdconfidence level, access points that include LCI may be caused to skipthe ranging exchange with access points that also have an LCI associatedwith a high confidence level.

As the ranging data exchanges between access points continue, it ispossible that conflicting information may be identified from LCIcomputations originating from different edge access points 104. In suchexamples, the confidence level of the computing access point maydecrease accordingly. Because inaccuracies may affect input from morethan two access point neighbors, in some examples, the system may beconfigured to execute a minimum mean square error (MMSE) process and/orany other error reduction methods to reconcile the LCI information andthe associated confidence levels, such as, for example, any EuclidianDistance Matrix (EDM) resolution technique, etc.

In some examples, once the exchanges have been terminated, each accesspoint of a given level of the area (e.g., on a common floor of abuilding) may have location-related data (e.g., an LCI) associated witha reliable confidence level. In addition, the location-related data maybe leveraged by the system (e.g., by CMX) to automatically locate theaccess points 104 on one or more maps, for example, for which an initialgeo-marker was placed.

In some examples, the process 804 may also include automaticallydetermining, via the auto-location component 110, location-related datafor one or more of the access points 104 upon relocation of the one ormore access points 104. Further, in some examples, the process 804 mayalso include automatically determining, via the auto-location component110, location-related data for one or more of additional access pointsadded to the access points 104. In this example manner, the system 108may be self-healing in that by exchanging ranging data, relocated accesspoints may be automatically detected in respective new locations and/ornewly added access points may be detected in their respective locations.For example, any access point that is relocated may trigger a reductionin confidence level when moved from its initial location, anddetermination of new location-related data when relocated to its newlocation. In addition, any access point added to the area may generatean access point pair where one access point (e.g., the newly addedaccess point) has no location-related data, which may trigger otheraccess points to initiate ranging data exchanges, thus resulting indetermining the location-related data for the new access point.

FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B collectively illustrate a flow diagram of an exampleprocess 900 for determining location-related data for a plurality ofaccess points located in a geographic area in communication with anetwork. This process is illustrated as a logical flow graph, operationof which represents a sequence of operations that can be implemented inhardware, software, or a combination thereof. In the context ofsoftware, the operations represent computer-executable instructionsstored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, whenexecuted by one or more processors, perform the recited operations.Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs,objects, components, data structures, and the like that performparticular functions or implement particular abstract data types. Theorder in which the operations are described is not intended to beconstrued as a limitation, and any number of the described operationsmay be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implement theprocess.

As noted above, FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B collectively illustrate a flowdiagram of an example process 900 for determining location-related datafor a plurality of access points located in a geographic area incommunication with a network. As shown in FIG. 9A, an operation 902represents identifying from among a plurality of access points, aplurality of edge access points associated with an edge of an area. Forexample, an auto-location component may be configured to identify edgeaccess points by, for example, identifying as edge access points, accesspoints having a minimum number of neighbor access points and/oridentifying as edge access points, access points that are first todetect a presence of a station configured to communicate with at leastsome of the of access points identifying. In some examples, identifyingedge access points may include identifying access points that lackneighbor access points in an at least one-hundred-eighty-degree areasurrounding the access point.

An operation 904 represents detecting, via a first edge access point, apresence of a first station configured to communicate with at least someof the plurality of access points, for example, as described herein withrespect to FIGS. 4-7. For example, an operation 906 representsinitiating, via the first edge access point, communication with thefirst station, and an operation 908 represents determining first stationranging data indicative of a first station relative distance between thefirst station and the first edge access point. This, in some examples,may be based on FTM. An operation 910 represents communicating firststation location-related data to the first edge access point, forexample, as described herein with respect to FIGS. 5-7. As explainedherein, this may, in some examples, include LCI.

An operation 912 represents detecting, via the first edge access point,a presence of a second station configured to communicate with at leastsome of the plurality of access points, for example, as described hereinwith respect to FIG. 5-7. For example, an operation 914 representsinitiating, via the first edge access point, communication with thesecond station, and an operation 916 represents determining secondstation ranging data indicative of a second station relative distancebetween the second station and the first edge access point, for example,as described herein with respect to FIGS. 5-7. An operation 918represents communicating second station location-related data to thefirst edge access point.

FIG. 9B continues the illustration of the process 900 and includes, atan operation 920, determining a first circle having a first center and afirst radius at least partially defined by the first stationlocation-related data, for example, as described herein with respect toFIGS. 6 and 7. An operation 922 represents determining a second circlehaving a second center and a second radius at least partially defined bythe second station location-related data. An operation 924 representsidentifying as the first edge access point location an intersection ofthe first circle and the second circle with one another.

An operation 926 represents determining a plurality of edgelocation-related data for a plurality of edge access points andassociating an edge access point confidence level for each of theplurality of edge access points, for example, as described herein withrespect to FIG. 8. An operation 928 represents determining a pluralityof interior location-related data for a plurality of interior accesspoints and associating an interior access point confidence level foreach of the plurality of interior access points, for example, asdescribed herein with respect to FIG. 8.

An operation 930 represents exchanging additional ranging dataindicative of additional relative distances between at least some pairsof the plurality of access points, and an operation 932 representsexchanging additional station location-related data with at least oneadditional station.

An operation 934 represents determining updated access pointlocation-related data for at least some of the edge access points or atleast some of the interior access points, for example, as describedherein with respect to FIG. 8.

The implementation of the various components described herein is amatter of choice dependent on the performance and other requirements ofthe computing system. Accordingly, the logical operations describedherein are referred to variously as operations, structural devices,acts, or modules. These operations, structural devices, acts, andmodules can be implemented in software, in firmware, in special purposedigital logic, and any combination thereof. It should also beappreciated that more or fewer operations might be performed than shownin the FIGS. 1, 3-8, 9A, and 9B, and as described herein. Theseoperations can also be performed in parallel, or in a different orderthan those described herein. Some or all of these operations can also beperformed by components other than those specifically identified.Although the techniques described in this disclosure is with referenceto specific components, in other examples, the techniques may beimplemented by less components, more components, different components,or any configuration of components.

FIG. 10 is a computer architecture diagram showing an illustrativecomputer hardware architecture for implementing one or more devices 1000that may be utilized to implement aspects of the various technologiespresented herein. The auto-location component 110, discussed above, mayinclude some or all of the components discussed below with reference tothe device 1000.

As mentioned above, the computing resources provided by a cloudcomputing network, data center, or the like can be data processingresources such as VM instances or hardware computing systems, databaseclusters, computing clusters, storage clusters, data storage resources,database resources, networking resources, and others. Some of thedevice(s) 1000 can also be configured to execute a resource managercapable of instantiating and/or managing the computing resources. In thecase of VM instances, for example, the resource manager can be ahypervisor or another type of program configured to enable the executionof multiple VM instances on a single server device 1000. Device(s) 1000in a data center may also be configured to provide network services andother types of services.

The device(s) 1000 include a baseboard 1002, or “motherboard,” which isa printed circuit board to which a multitude of components or devicescan be connected by way of a system bus or other electricalcommunication paths. In one illustrative configuration, one or morecentral processing units (CPUs) 1004 operate in conjunction with achipset 1006. The CPU(s) 1004 can be standard programmable processorsthat perform arithmetic and logical operations necessary for theoperation of the device(s) 1000.

The CPU(s) 1004 perform operations by transitioning from one discrete,physical state to the next through the manipulation of switchingelements that differentiate between and change these states. Switchingelements generally include electronic circuits that maintain one of twobinary states, such as flip-flops, and electronic circuits that providean output state based on the logical combination of the states of one ormore other switching elements, such as logic gates. These basicswitching elements can be combined to create more complex logiccircuits, including registers, adders-subtractors, arithmetic logicunits, floating-point units, and the like.

The chipset 1006 provides an interface between the CPU(s) 1004 and theremainder of the components and devices on the baseboard 1002. Thechipset 1006 can provide an interface to a RAM 1008, used as the mainmemory in the device(s) 1000. The chipset 1006 can further provide aninterface to a computer-readable storage medium such as a read-onlymemory (ROM) 1010 or non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) for storing basic routinesthat help to startup the device(s) 1000 and to transfer informationbetween the various components and devices. The ROM 1010 or NVRAM canalso store other software components necessary for the operation of thedevice(s) 1000 in accordance with the configurations described herein.

The device(s) 1000 can operate in a networked environment using logicalconnections to remote computing devices and computer systems through anetwork, such as a local area network 1024. The chipset 1006 can includefunctionality for providing network connectivity through a NetworkInterface Card (NIC) 1012, such as a gigabit Ethernet adapter. The NIC1012 is capable of connecting the device(s) 1000 to other computingdevices over the network. It should be appreciated that multiple NICs1012 can be present in the device(s) 1000, connecting the computer toother types of networks and remote computer systems.

The device(s) 1000 can be connected to a storage device 1018 thatprovides non-volatile storage for the computer. The storage device 1018can store an operating system 1020, programs 1022, and data, which havebeen described in greater detail herein. The storage device 1018 can beconnected to the device(s) 1000 through a storage controller 1014connected to the chipset 1006. The storage device 1018 can consist ofone or more physical storage units. The storage controller 1014 caninterface with the physical storage units through a serial attached SCSI(SAS) interface, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA)interface, an FC interface, or other type of interface for physicallyconnecting and transferring data between computers and physical storageunits.

The device(s) 1000 can store data on the storage device 1018 bytransforming the physical state of the physical storage units to reflectthe information being stored. The specific transformation of physicalstate can depend on various factors, in different embodiments of thisdescription. Examples of such factors can include, but are not limitedto, the technology used to implement the physical storage units, whetherthe storage device 1018 is characterized as primary or secondarystorage, and the like.

For example, the device(s) 1000 can store information to the storagedevice 1018 by issuing instructions through the storage controller 1014to alter the magnetic characteristics of a particular location within amagnetic disk drive unit, the reflective or refractive characteristicsof a particular location in an optical storage unit, or the electricalcharacteristics of a particular capacitor, transistor, or other discretecomponent in a solid-state storage unit. Other transformations ofphysical media are possible without departing from the scope and spiritof the present description, with the foregoing examples provided only tofacilitate this description. The device(s) 1000 can further readinformation from the storage device 1018 by detecting the physicalstates or characteristics of one or more particular locations within thephysical storage units.

In addition to the mass storage device 1018 described above, thedevice(s) 1000 can have access to other computer-readable storage mediato store and retrieve information, such as program modules, datastructures, or other data. It should be appreciated by those skilled inthe art that computer-readable storage media is any available media thatprovides for the non-transitory storage of data and that can be accessedby the device(s) 1000.

By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage mediacan include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology. Computer-readable storage mediaincludes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, erasable programmable ROM(EPROM), electrically-erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memoryor other solid-state memory technology, compact disc ROM (CD-ROM),digital versatile disk (DVD), high definition DVD (HD-DVD), BLU-RAY, orother optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic diskstorage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that canbe used to store the desired information in a non-transitory fashion.

As mentioned briefly above, the storage device 1018 can store anoperating system 1020 utilized to control the operation of the device(s)1000. According to one embodiment, the operating system comprises theLINUX operating system. According to another embodiment, the operatingsystem comprises the WINDOWS® SERVER operating system from MICROSOFTCorporation of Redmond, Wash. According to further embodiments, theoperating system can comprise the UNIX operating system or one of itsvariants, and/or MacOS™. It should be appreciated that other operatingsystems can also be utilized. The storage device 1018 can store othersystem or application programs and data utilized by the device(s) 1000.

In one embodiment, the storage device 1018 or other computer-readablestorage media is encoded with computer-executable instructions which,when loaded into the device(s) 1000, transform the computer from ageneral-purpose computing system into a special-purpose computer capableof implementing the embodiments described herein. Thesecomputer-executable instructions transform the device(s) 1000 byspecifying how the CPUs 1004 transition between states, as describedabove. According to one embodiment, the device(s) 1000 may have accessto computer-readable storage media storing computer-executableinstructions which, when executed by the device(s) 1000, may perform thevarious processes described above with regard to FIGS. 1-9B. Thedevice(s) 1000 can also include computer-readable storage media havinginstructions stored thereupon for performing any of the othercomputer-implemented operations described herein.

The device(s) 1000 can also include one or more input/output controllers1016 for receiving and processing input from a number of input devices,such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touchpad, a touch screen, an electronicstylus, or other type of input device. Similarly, an input/outputcontroller 1016 can provide output to a display, such as a computermonitor, a flat-panel display, a digital projector, a printer, or othertype of output device. It will be appreciated that the device(s) 1000might not include all of the components shown in FIG. 10, can includeother components that are not explicitly shown in FIG. 10, or mightutilize an architecture completely different than that shown in FIG. 10.

The device(s) 1000 may also store, in the storage device 1018, theauto-location component 110 for performing some or all of the techniquesdescribed above with reference to FIGS. 1-9B.

While the invention is described with respect to the specific examples,it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited tothese specific examples. Since other modifications and changes varied tofit particular operating requirements and environments will be apparentto those skilled in the art, the invention is not considered limited tothe example chosen for purposes of disclosure and covers all changes andmodifications which do not constitute departures from the true spiritand scope of this invention.

Although the application describes embodiments having specificstructural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understoodthat the claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features oracts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are merelyillustrative of some embodiments that fall within the scope of theclaims of the application.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: one or more processors; andone or more non-transitory computer-readable media storingcomputer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to perform acts comprising:identifying, via an auto-location component, from among a plurality ofaccess points in an area in communication with a network, a plurality ofedge access points associated with an edge of the area; determiningfirst edge location-related data for a first edge access point of theplurality of edge access points; and determining first interiorlocation-related data for a first interior access point of the pluralityof access points, the first interior access point being interior to theedge access points within the network, wherein determining the firstinterior location-related data for the first interior access pointcomprises: exchanging ranging data indicative of a first relativedistance between the first edge access point and the first interioraccess point, the ranging data based at least in part on at least one offine timing measurements or time-of-flight-based measurements; andcommunicating the first edge location-related data from the first edgeaccess point to the first interior access point.
 2. The system of claim1, the acts further comprising determining at least one of: second edgelocation-related data for a second edge access point of the plurality ofedge access points; or second interior location-related data for asecond interior access point of the plurality of access points.
 3. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein identifying the plurality of edge accesspoints associated with the edge of the area comprises at least one of:determining a number of neighbor access points for at least some of theplurality of access points, and identifying as edge access points, fromamong the at least some of the plurality of access points, access pointshaving a minimum number of neighbor access points; identifying, fromamong at least some of the plurality of access points, as edge accesspoints, access points that are first to detect a presence of a stationconfigured to communicate with at least some of the plurality of accesspoints; or identifying, from among at least some of the plurality ofaccess points, as edge access points, access points that lack neighboraccess points in an at least one-hundred-eighty-degree area surroundingthe access point.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein determining thefirst edge location-related data for the first edge access point of theplurality of edge access points comprises: detecting, via the first edgeaccess point, a presence of a first station configured to communicatewith at least some of the plurality of access points, the first stationcomprising a mobile device; initiating, via the first edge access point,communication with the first station; determining first station rangingdata indicative of a first station relative distance between the firststation and the first edge access point, the first station ranging databased at least in part on at least one of fine timing measurements ortime-of-flight-based measurements; and communicating first stationlocation-related data to the first edge access point, the first stationlocation-related data comprising at least one of a first stationlocation of the first station, a first confidence level associated withan accuracy of the first station location, or a first timestampassociated with a first time period between a determination time atwhich determination of the first station location occurred and acommunication time at which the first station location-related data iscommunicated to the first edge access point.
 5. The system of claim 4,the acts further comprising: detecting, via the first edge access point,a presence of a second station configured to communicate with at leastsome of the plurality of access points, the second station comprising amobile device; initiating, via the first edge access point,communication with the second station; determining second stationranging data indicative of a second station relative distance betweenthe second station and the first edge access point, the second stationranging data based at least in part on fine timing measurements; andcommunicating second station location-related data to the first edgeaccess point, the second station location-related data comprising atleast one of a second station location of the second station, a secondconfidence level associated with an accuracy of the second stationlocation, or a second timestamp associated with a second time periodbetween a determination time at which determination of the secondstation location occurred and a communication time at which the secondstation location-related data is communicated to the first edge accesspoint.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein: at least one of the firststation location-related data comprises a first confidence levelassociated with the accuracy of the first station location or the secondstation location-related data comprises a second confidence levelassociated with the accuracy of the second station location; and theacts further comprise determining, based at least in part on the atleast one of the first confidence level associated with the accuracy ofthe first station location or the second confidence level associatedwith the accuracy of the second station location, a first edge accesspoint confidence level associated with an accuracy of the first edgeaccess point location.
 7. The system of claim 5, the acts furthercomprising: determining a first circle having a first center at leastpartially defined by the first station location and a first radius atleast partially defined by the first station relative distance;determining a second circle having a second center at least partiallydefined by the second station location and a second radius at leastpartially defined by the second station relative distance; andidentifying as the first edge access point location an intersection ofthe first circle and the second circle with one another.
 8. The systemof claim 7, wherein: at least one of the first station location-relateddata comprises a first confidence level associated with the accuracy ofthe first station location or the second station location-related datacomprises a second confidence level associated with the accuracy of thesecond station location; and at least one of: the first circle comprisesa first inner radius and a first outer radius at least partiallyindicative of the first confidence level; or the second circle comprisesa second inner radius and a second outer radius at least partiallyindicative of the second confidence level.
 9. The system of claim 8,wherein identifying as the first edge access point location theintersection of the first circle and the second circle with one anothercomprises identifying as the first edge access point location anintercept centroid with respect to the first circle and the secondcircle.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein: determining the first edgelocation-related data for the first edge access point of the pluralityof edge access points comprises: detecting, via the first edge accesspoint, a presence of a first station configured to communicate with atleast some of the plurality of access points, the first stationcomprising a mobile device; and detecting, via the first edge accesspoint, a presence of a second station configured to communicate with atleast some of the plurality of access points, the second stationcomprising a mobile device; and the acts further comprise: determining aplurality of edge location-related data for a plurality of edge accesspoints and associating an edge access point confidence level for each ofthe plurality of edge access points; determining a plurality of interiorlocation-related data for a plurality of interior access points andassociating an interior access point confidence level for each of theplurality of interior access points; and updating at least some of theedge location-related data to improve at least some of the edge accesspoint confidence levels and at least some of the interiorlocation-related data to improve at least some of the interior accesspoint confidence levels.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein theupdating comprises at least one of: exchanging additional ranging dataindicative of additional relative distances between at least some pairsof the plurality of access points; or exchanging additional stationlocation-related data with at least one additional station; anddetermining, based at least in part on at least one of the additionalranging data or the additional station location-related data, updatedaccess point location-related data for the at least some of the edgeaccess points or the at least some of the interior access points. 12.The system of claim 11, wherein the updating is performed via amachine-learning-trained analytical model.
 13. The system of claim 4,wherein: at least one of the first station or at least some of theplurality of access points comprises a sensor configured to generatesensor data indicative of an altitude of the at least one of the firststation or the at least some of the plurality of access points; and theacts further comprise determining, based at least in part on the sensordata, whether the at least one of the first station or the at least someof the plurality of access points are on a common floor of a building.14. The system of claim 1, wherein the acts further comprise:determining edge location-related data for located edge access points ofat least some of the plurality of edge access points; determininginterior location-related data for located interior access points of aplurality of interior access points; initiating exchange of ranging databetween neighboring located edge access points, between located edgeaccess points and neighboring located interior access points, andbetween neighboring located interior access points; and updating, basedat least in part on exchanged ranging data, location-related data forthe plurality of edge access points and the plurality of interior accesspoints.
 15. The system of claim 14, the acts further comprising at leastone of: automatically determining, via the auto-location component,location-related data for one or more of the plurality of access pointsupon relocation of the one or more access points; or automaticallydetermining, via the auto-location component, location-related data forone or more of additional access points added to the plurality of accesspoints.
 16. A method for determining location-related data for aplurality of access points located in an area in communication with anetwork, the method comprising: identifying, via an auto-locationcomponent, from among the plurality of access points, a plurality ofedge access points associated with an edge of the area; determiningfirst edge location-related data for a first edge access point of theplurality of edge access points; and determining first interiorlocation-related data for a first interior access point of the pluralityof access points, the first interior access point being interior to theedge access points within the network, wherein determining the firstinterior location-related data for the first interior access pointcomprises: exchanging ranging data indicative of a first relativedistance between the first edge access point and the first interioraccess point, the ranging data based at least in part on at least one offine timing measurements or time-of-flight-based measurements; andcommunicating the first edge location-related data from the first edgeaccess point to the first interior access point.
 17. The method of claim16, wherein determining the plurality of edge access points associatedwith the edge of the area comprises at least one of: determining anumber of neighbor access points for at least some of the plurality ofaccess points, and identifying as edge access points, from among the atleast some of the plurality of access points, access points having aminimum number of neighbor access points; identifying, from among atleast some of the plurality of access points, as edge access points,access points that are first to detect a presence of a stationconfigured to communicate with at least some of the plurality of accesspoints; or identifying, from among at least some of the plurality ofaccess points, as edge access points, access points that lack neighboraccess points in an at least one-hundred-eighty-degree area surroundingthe access point.
 18. The method of claim 16, wherein determining thefirst edge location-related data for the first edge access point of theplurality of edge access points comprises: detecting, via the first edgeaccess point, a presence of a first station configured to communicatewith at least some of the plurality of access points, the first stationcomprising a mobile device; initiating, via the first edge access point,communication with the first station; determining first station rangingdata indicative of a first station relative distance between the firststation and the first edge access point, the first station ranging databased at least in part on at least one of fine timing measurements ortime-of-flight-based measurements; and communicating first stationlocation-related data to the first edge access point, the first stationlocation-related data comprising at least one of a first stationlocation of the first station, a first confidence level associated withan accuracy of the first station location, or a first timestampassociated with a first time period between a determination time atwhich determination of the first station location occurred and acommunication time at which the first station location-related data iscommunicated to the first edge access point.
 19. The method of claim 16,wherein: determining the first edge location-related data for the firstedge access point of the plurality of edge access points comprises:detecting, via the first edge access point, a presence of a firststation configured to communicate with at least some of the plurality ofaccess points, the first station comprising a mobile device; anddetecting, via the first edge access point, a presence of a secondstation configured to communicate with at least some of the plurality ofaccess points, the second station comprising a mobile device; and themethod further comprises: determining a plurality of edgelocation-related data for a plurality of edge access points andassociating an edge access point confidence level for each of theplurality of edge access points; determining a plurality of interiorlocation-related data for a plurality of interior access points andassociating an interior access point confidence level for each of theplurality of interior access points; and updating at least some of theedge location-related data to improve at least some of the edge accesspoint confidence levels and at least some of the interiorlocation-related data to improve at least some of the interior accesspoint confidence levels.
 20. One or more non-transitorycomputer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that,when executed, cause one or more processors to perform acts comprising:identifying, via an auto-location component, from among a plurality ofaccess points in an area in communication with a network, a plurality ofedge access points associated with an edge of the area; determiningfirst edge location-related data for a first edge access point of theplurality of edge access points; and determining first interiorlocation-related data for a first interior access point of the pluralityof access points, the first interior access point being interior to theedge access points within the network, wherein determining the firstinterior location-related data for the first interior access pointcomprises: exchanging ranging data indicative of a first relativedistance between the first edge access point and the first interioraccess point, the ranging data based at least in part on at least one offine timing measurements or time-of-flight-based measurements; andcommunicating the first edge location-related data from the first edgeaccess point to the first interior access point.